外伤性阴茎海绵体破裂的诊断与治疗（附12例报告）

目的：总结外伤性阴茎海绵体破裂的诊断与治疗经验。方法：回顾性分析2001年1月～2010年1月收治的12例阴茎海绵体破裂患者的临床资料：12例患者年龄28～47岁,平均36．5岁。致伤原因为粗暴性交9例,硬物砸伤1例,骑跨伤1例,斗殴致伤1例。12例均急诊行阴茎折断修补手术,结果：术后随访2～26个月,发生1例阴茎勃起后疼痛,1例尿道狭窄,1例勃起功能障碍,均经恰当的治疗后在不同的时间内恢复。结论：急诊手术是外伤性阴茎海绵体破裂的恰当治疗方法。     

原发性睾丸或阴茎非霍奇金淋巴瘤5例临床分析

目的:探讨男性生殖系统非霍奇金淋巴瘤的临床诊断与治疗。方法:回顾性分析5例男性生殖系统原发性非霍奇金淋巴瘤的临床资料,其中原发于睾丸4例,原发于阴茎1例,并结合文献进行讨论。结果:5例患者均行手术治疗,病理类型均为非霍奇金淋巴瘤,术后3例行化疗,2例行放疗加化疗(原发于睾丸1例,原发于阴茎1例)。术后平均随访25个月,1例死亡,其余均存活。结论:男性生殖系统非霍奇金淋巴瘤临床症状不典型,多发生于老年,预后较差,确诊主要依靠组织病理学及免疫组化,治疗宜采取手术联合放疗及化疗。     

小剂量伐地那非对阴茎手术后勃起功能恢复的研究

目的:探讨阴茎手术对勃起功能的影响并评估术后长期小剂量使用伐地那非对勃起功能的恢复作用。方法:选择阴茎手术患者共60例,随机分为两组:伐地那非治疗组和对照组,每组30例。治疗组术后5~7 d开始服用伐地那非10 mg,隔日1次,持续12周;对照组口服维生素E 100 mg,每日1次,持续12周。IIEF-5问卷评估术前和用药后3个月、6个月勃起功能改变。结果:治疗组术前IIEF-5评分为(14.21±3.62)分,术后3、6个月IIEF-5评分[(18.83±2.98)分,(20.13±2.98)分]较手术前提高,差异均有显著性(P均<0.05);而对照组患者术后3个月勃起功能下降,IIEF-5评分(13.38±2.82)分较术前(15.80±3.02)分降低,差异有显著性(P>0.05)。治疗组术后IIEF-5评分较对照组高(P<0.05)。结论:阴茎手术后小剂量长期服用伐地那非有助于恢复和保持阴茎的勃起功能。     

非编织状聚乙醇酸膜片重建兔尿道的实验研究

目的探讨非编织状聚乙醇酸膜片重建兔全层尿道的效果。方法制备1cm×1cm的非编织状PGA膜片。建立新西兰大白兔尿道腹侧1cm全层尿道缺损动物模型,将PGA膜片植入尿道缺损区域,修补尿道缺损。术后1、2、3个月进行尿道造影、大体观察和组织学观察评价尿道重建情况。结果PGA膜片修复新西兰兔全层尿道缺损,9只动物除1只术后1个月发生尿瘘外．其余动物均排尿通畅。组织学检查发现尿道黏膜再生良好,但尿道海绵体区域主要以纤维瘢痕增生为主,未见明显尿道海绵体再生。结论PGA膜片能够修复新西兰大白兔1cm尿道黏膜的缺损,但缺乏尿道海绵体再生。     

Investigating Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum Using Functional MRI: A Study Examining Interhemispheric Coordination of Motor Control

We report fMRI findings in 3 asymptomatic cases of agenesis of the corpus callosum, the largest white matter bundle in the brain, which is responsible for interhemispheric transfer of information. Sensory information was presented to 1 hemisphere, and the patients had to generate a motor response governed by the contralateral hemisphere. Enhanced ipsilateral motor pathways have been suggested as a compensation method for people with agenesis of the corpus callosums; our functional magnetic resonance imaging data did not support this theory.     

Sonographic localization of a retained urethral foreign body in an elderly patient

A retained urethral foreign body is an uncommon presentation in the Emergency Department. The diagnosis and treatment of retained urethral foreign bodies are determined by their size, location, shape, and mobility and often require specialty consultation and operative intervention. In this case of a 74‐year‐old man with a self‐inserted, retained urethral foreign body, we present the utility of a bedside ultrasound to detect the depth, size, and distance from the meatus of the object to guide the approach to extraction of the object at the bedside in the Emergency Department. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 46 :296–298, 2018     

Attenuation of Corpus Callosum Axon Myelination and Remyelination in the Absence of Circulating Sex Hormones

Sex differences in the structure and organization of the corpus callosum (CC) can be attributed to genetic, hormonal or environmental effects, or a combination of these factors. To address the role of gonadal hormones on axon myelination, functional axon conduction and immunohistochemistry analysis of the CC in intact, gonadectomized and hormone‐replaced gonadectomized animals were used. These groups were subjected to cuprizone diet‐induced demyelination followed by remyelination. The myelinated component of callosal compound action potential was significantly decreased in ovariectomized and castrated animals under normal myelinating condition. Compared to gonadally intact cohorts, both gonadectomized groups displayed more severe demyelination and inhibited remyelination. Castration in males was more deleterious than ovariectomy in females. Callosal conduction in estradiol‐supplemented ovariectomized females was significantly increased during normal myelination, less attenuated during demyelination, and increased beyond placebo‐treated ovariectomized or intact female levels during remyelination. In castrated males, the non‐aromatizing steroid dihydrotestosterone was less efficient than testosterone and estradiol in restoring normal myelination/axon conduction and remyelination to levels of intact males. Furthermore, in both sexes, estradiol supplementation in gonadectomized groups increased the number of oligodendrocytes. These studies suggest an essential role of estradiol to promote efficient CC myelination and axon conduction in both sexes.     

Reuse of termino-ontological resources and text corpora for building a multilingual domain ontology: An application to Alzheimer’s disease

Ontologies are useful tools for sharing and exchanging knowledge. However ontology construction is complex and often time consuming. In this paper, we present a method for building a bilingual domain ontology from textual and termino-ontological resources intended for semantic annotation and information retrieval of textual documents. This method combines two approaches: ontology learning from texts and the reuse of existing terminological resources. It consists of four steps: (i) term extraction from domain specific corpora (in French and English) using textual analysis tools, (ii) clustering of terms into concepts organized according to the UMLS Metathesaurus, (iii) ontology enrichment through the alignment of French and English terms using parallel corpora and the integration of new concepts, (iv) refinement and validation of results by domain experts. These validated results are formalized into a domain ontology dedicated to Alzheimer’s disease and related syndromes which is available online (http://lesim.isped.u-bordeaux2.fr/SemBiP/ressources/ontoAD.owl). The latter currently includes 5765 concepts linked by 7499 taxonomic relationships and 10,889 non-taxonomic relationships. Among these results, 439 concepts absent from the UMLS were created and 608 new synonymous French terms were added. The proposed method is sufficiently flexible to be applied to other domains.     

Polymicrogyria with dysmorphic basal ganglia? Think tubulin!

Dominant mutations in TUBB2B have been reported in patients with polymicrogyria. We further explore the phenotype associated with mutations in TUBB2B. Twenty patients with polymicrogyria (five unilateral) were tested for mutations in TUBB2B by Sanger sequencing. We identified two novel de novo mutations, c.743C>T (p.Ala248Val) and c.1139G>T (p.Arg380Leu) in exon 4 of TUBB2B in three unrelated families. Brain magnetic resonance images showed polymicrogyria involving predominantly the perisylvian regions. In addition, there was a dysmorphic appearance of the basal ganglia, thin corpus callosum, enlargement of the ventricles, thinning of the white matter and hypoplasia of pons and cerebellar vermis. This combination of associated features was absent in all 17 patients with polymicrogyria in whom no mutation was identified. This report underlines that the association of polymicrogyria with thin or absent corpus callosum, dysmorphic basal ganglia, brainstem and vermis hypoplasia is highly likely to result from mutations in TUBB2B and provides further insight in how mutations in TUBB2B affect protein function.     

Histological characteristics of human papilloma-virus-positive and -negative invasive and in situ squamous cell tumours of the penis

A high prevalence of cervical cancer associated high-risk types of human papillomavirus (hrHPV) has been demonstrated in premalignant and invasive squamous cell lesions of the penis, but large studies correlating histological characteristics with HPV status are few in number. Tumour tissues from 145 patients with invasive ( n  = 116) or in situ ( n  = 29) penile squamous cell carcinoma were subjected to systematic histological evaluation and were PCR-tested for 14 hrHPV types and 23 low-risk HPV types. Around half (52%) of invasive and nine-tenths (90%) of in situ lesions were positive for an hrHPV type, of which HPV 16 was by far the predominant type (91% of hrHPV-positive lesions). In relation to histological characteristics, hrHPV positivity was statistically significantly more common in high-grade tumours, lesions dominated by small tumour cells, lesions with a high number of multinucleated cells and mitoses, and lesions with a small amount of parakeratosis. In conclusion, about half of invasive penile squamous carcinomas in this study were hrHPV-positive, most notably to HPV 16, and probably arose through in situ lesions whereas the other half of invasive penile lesions appeared to be unrelated to hrHPV. A number of histological characteristics differed significantly between hrHPV-positive and -negative invasive penile carcinomas.